Kuchembera kwevanhu mutemo wepasi rose. "Biochemistry uye Cell Biology yeKuchembera" inopfupisa makumi emakore ekutsvaga kwekuchembera uye hunhu hwekuchembera kune oxidative kukuvara uye kudzikira muNAD + mazinga.
Zvinogona kuoneka kuti NAD + inoita basa rakakosha muzvipenyu, uye ine hukama nezvirwere zvinotapukira nezvirwere.
NAD+ inonzi nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, kana coenzyme I kwenguva pfupi. Inobatanidzwa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezviitwa zvemuviri mukati memuviri, nekudaro zvichikanganisa kupora kwesimba, kuramba kukuvadzwa kweoxidative, kugadzirisa kweDNA, kudzora majini uye genomes anodzora kuchembera mumaseru, kunetesa kana kunyange kuvhara mamwe magene ekuchembera, nekudaro kunonoka kunonoka. kufambira mberi kwemutsara. Pazasi, ngatitarisei zvakadzama pa:
1.Kukosha kweNAD+
Seimwe yeakanyanya kukosha metabolites mumuviri wemunhu, NAD + yanga iri munzvimbo yakatsiga inosanganisira kugadzirwa kwebiological, kushandiswa, kutenderera uye kuderedzwa kwenguva yakareba.
Kutanga kubva kuma30s, iyo NAD + nhanho mumuviri wemunhu inotaridza kudzika maitiro sezvo vanhu vachikura. Kudzikira kweNAD + zviri mumaseru zvinozotungamira mukudzikira kwekugona kugadzirisa kweDNA, kusimudzira kuunganidzwa kwekukuvara kweDNA, uye zvozotungamira mukuparadzwa kweNAD + Izvo zvirimo zvinowedzera kudzikira, zvichigadzira kutenderera kwakashata kwekukurumidza uye nekukurumidza kuchembera.
Isu tinoti NAD + inobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa DNA kunyanya nekuti i substrate yemhuri yePARP. NeNAD +, PARP inogona kutamba basa rayo rinoenderana. Kune rimwe divi, PARP zvakare ndeimwe yevakanyanya "vatengi" veNAD + mumaseru. Iyo NAD+ inoshandiswa kumusoro nePARP inoshanduka kuita nicotinamide NAM, yobva yayerera ichipinda munzira yekununura, uye NAD+ inogadzirwa zvakare nerubatsiro rweNAMPT, NMNAT uye mamwe ma enzymes. Kana maseru ari pasi pekunetsekana (kusanganisira DNA kugadzirisa maitiro), huwandu hukuru hweNAD + hunogadzirwa kuburikidza nesalvage nzira kuchengetedza chiyero pakati pekupa uye kudiwa.
NAD + inotora chikamu mukugadzirisa DNA seSirtuins substrate
Sirtuins imhuri yeprotein deacetylase ine nhengo 7 (SIRT1-SIRT7). SIRT1, SIRT6, uye SIRT7 dziripo munucleus, SIRT2 inobata basa mucytoplasm, uye SIRT3, SIRT4, uye SIRT5 mapuroteni emitochondrial. Mamwe maSirtuins (kunyanya SIRT1 uye SIRT6) anoita mabasa akakosha mukugadzirisa kweDNA uye cellular metabolism mushure mekukuvara kweDNA.
3.NAD + metabolism uye physiological mabasa
01. Chengetedza redox homeostasis
Kuchengetedza chiyero che intracellular oxidants uye antioxidants ndiyo kiyi yemasero kuchengetedza zvakajairwa physiological mabasa. Nekudaro, zvinokonzeresa zvakashata zvakadai sekusvibiswa, kuchinja kwekudya uye kutapukirwa zvinogona kukanganisa chiyero ichi uye kukonzeresa kukuvadza kune biological macromolecules seDNA nemapuroteni. Kuwedzera NAD + kunogona kuita oxidative kudzivirira basa nekuwedzera mazinga uye zviitiko zve glutathione uye nhevedzano ye antioxidant enzymes.
02. Chengetedza kugadzikana kwegenome
Kushaikwa kweNAD + kuchakonzera zvipingamupinyi kukugadzirisa kukuvara kweDNA, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwekukuvara kweDNA kuunganidza, uye kuwedzera NAD + kunogona kubatsira kugadzirisa DNA.
03. Regulate immune uye kuzvimba mazinga
Pamusoro peNAD + pachayo kugona kudzikamisa yakawandisa kuzvimba mazinga nekuvandudza lysosomal basa, iyo NAMPT enzyme inodiwa mumetabolism yayo zvakare chikamu chakakosha chekudzora kusadzivirirwa. Kuwedzera NAD + kunobatsira kudzora kusadzivirirwa uye kuzvimba.
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